https://tlaboratory.net/Hands-on programming lectures and developer field notes in English, Japanese, Korean and Spanish, built on code we actually ran.Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000https://tlaboratory.net/en/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/https://tlaboratory.net/en/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Testing & DebuggingenWrite your first Python unittest file, find edge cases at boundaries, read real failure diffs, run doctest and Dart test offline, and time 10,000 tests.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000テスト・デバッグjaPython unittest で最初のテストを書き、境界値からバグを見つけ、失敗時の diff を正しく読む方法。doctest、オフラインで動かした Dart test、テスト1万件の実行時間まで実際の出力と実測値で解説。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000테스트·디버깅koPython unittest로 첫 테스트를 쓰고, 경계값으로 버그를 찾고, 실패 diff를 정확히 읽는 법. doctest, 오프라인 Dart test, 테스트 1만 개 실행 시간까지 실제 출력과 실측으로 정리.https://tlaboratory.net/es/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/https://tlaboratory.net/es/unit-testing-basics-first-tests/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Pruebas y depuraciónesTu primer archivo unittest en Python: casos borde en los límites, diffs de fallos reales, doctest, Dart test sin red y el costo medido de 10,000 tests.https://tlaboratory.net/en/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/https://tlaboratory.net/en/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Text & EncodingenWhy "café" == "café" can be False: NFC, NFD, NFKC and NFKD measured in Python and PHP, what APFS really stores, Mac zips without the UTF-8 flag, and git.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000文字コード・テキスト処理ja見た目が同じ「ガ」が一致しない原因を実測。NFC/NFD/NFKC/NFKDの違い、半角カナ・①㈱・波ダッシュの扱い、APFSの実際の挙動、Macで作ったzipの濁点分離と文字化け、gitの設定まで直し方付きで解説。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000문자 인코딩·텍스트ko맥에서 보낸 파일 이름이 ㅎㅏㄴㄱㅡㄹ 로 갈라지는 원인을 실측. NFC/NFD/NFKC 차이, APFS 의 실제 동작, 맥 zip 의 UTF-8 플래그, git 설정, DB 중복까지 해결 코드와 함께 정리.https://tlaboratory.net/es/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/https://tlaboratory.net/es/unicode-normalization-nfc-nfd-filenames/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Texto y codificaciónesPor qué "año" == "año" puede dar False: NFC, NFD, NFKC y NFKD medidos en Python y PHP, qué guarda APFS de verdad, zip de Mac sin bandera UTF-8 y git.https://tlaboratory.net/en/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/https://tlaboratory.net/en/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Security BasicsenSecurity lecture 6: == vs hash_equals and compare_digest timed by matching prefix, in-process and over loopback HTTP, plus a login that leaks which users exist.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000セキュリティ基礎jaセキュリティ基礎講座6。== と hash_equals・compare_digest を一致長ごとに計測し、プロセス内とループバック HTTP で検出できるかを統計付きで比較。会員の有無が127倍の時間差で漏れるログインも実測。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000보안 기초ko보안 기초 강좌 6. == 와 hash_equals·compare_digest 를 일치 길이별로 재고, 프로세스 안과 루프백 HTTP 에서 검출되는지 통계로 비교. 가입 여부가 127배 시간 차로 새는 로그인도 실측.https://tlaboratory.net/es/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/https://tlaboratory.net/es/timing-attacks-constant-time-compare/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Seguridad básicaesCurso de seguridad 6: == vs hash_equals y compare_digest medidos por prefijo, en proceso y por HTTP en loopback, y un login que revela qué usuarios existen.https://tlaboratory.net/en/text-encoding-detection-performance/https://tlaboratory.net/en/text-encoding-detection-performance/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Text & Encodingenmb_detect_encoding and a stdlib guesser tested on 9,000 samples: right on long text, wrong on short. Plus 10 MB conversion speed and the chunk-split decode bug.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/text-encoding-detection-performance/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/text-encoding-detection-performance/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000文字コード・テキスト処理jamb_detect_encoding と標準ライブラリだけの判定器を9,000サンプルで比較。短い文字列ほど外れ、半角カナや①㈱でも外れる。10MB の変換速度とチャンク境界の文字化けも。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/text-encoding-detection-performance/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/text-encoding-detection-performance/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000문자 인코딩·텍스트komb_detect_encoding 과 표준 라이브러리 판별기를 9,000개 샘플로 비교. 짧은 한글일수록 틀린다. 10MB 변환 속도와 청크 경계에서 한글이 깨지는 버그까지.https://tlaboratory.net/es/text-encoding-detection-performance/https://tlaboratory.net/es/text-encoding-detection-performance/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Texto y codificaciónesmb_detect_encoding y un detector en Python puro, con 9,000 muestras: aciertan con texto largo y fallan con corto. Velocidad con 10 MB y el bug por bloques.https://tlaboratory.net/en/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/https://tlaboratory.net/en/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Text & EncodingenWhy len('café') is 4 but the file is 5 bytes: code points vs UTF-8 bytes in xxd, Python len vs PHP strlen, a hand-written decoder and real size measurements.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000文字コード・テキスト処理jalen('文字化け')は4なのにファイルは12バイト。文字・コードポイント・バイトの違いをxxdとPython・PHPで実行して確かめ、半角カナがUTF-8で3バイトになる理由、strlenとmb_strlenの使い分け、UTF-8が勝った理由まで実測します。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000문자 인코딩·텍스트kolen('한글')은 2인데 파일은 6바이트인 이유. 문자·코드 포인트·바이트의 차이를 xxd, 파이썬, PHP 로 실행해 보고, CP949 에서 UTF-8 로 옮길 때 컬럼이 넘치는 이유까지 확인합니다.https://tlaboratory.net/es/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/https://tlaboratory.net/es/text-encoding-bytes-utf8-code-points/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Texto y codificaciónesPor qué len('año') da 3 pero el archivo pesa 4 bytes: code points y bytes UTF-8 en xxd, len de Python frente a strlen de PHP y mediciones reales de tamaño.https://tlaboratory.net/en/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/https://tlaboratory.net/en/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Testing & DebuggingenStub, fake, mock and spy, run for real: the wrong patch target, autospec catching a bad signature, leaky fixtures, and a mock that hid two bugs.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000テスト・デバッグjaスタブ・フェイク・モック・スパイを実際に動かして比較。patch の対象違い、autospec が拾うシグネチャ変更、後始末漏れのフィクスチャ、壊れた変更を2回見逃したモックを実測付きで解説。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000테스트·디버깅kostub·fake·mock·spy를 직접 돌려 비교. 패치 대상 착각, autospec이 잡는 시그니처 변경, 정리 안 되는 fixture, 깨진 변경을 두 번 통과시킨 mock까지 실측과 함께.https://tlaboratory.net/es/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/https://tlaboratory.net/es/test-doubles-mocks-fixtures/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Pruebas y depuraciónesStub, fake, mock y spy ejecutados de verdad: el patch al nombre equivocado, autospec y las firmas rotas, fixtures con fugas y un mock que ocultó dos bugs.https://tlaboratory.net/en/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/https://tlaboratory.net/en/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Security BasicsenSecurity lecture 5: ECB leaking a picture, a reused GCM nonce exposing a message, a 1-byte tag PHP accepted, openssl enc traps and KDF costs, all run locally.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000セキュリティ基礎jaセキュリティ基礎講座5。ECB で絵が透ける、nonce 再利用で中身が読める、PHP が1バイトのタグを通した実例、openssl enc の罠、PBKDF2・scrypt・Argon2id の鍵導出時間まで、すべて手元で実行して確認します。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000보안 기초ko보안 기초 강좌 5. ECB 로 그림이 비치고, nonce 재사용으로 내용이 읽히고, PHP 가 1바이트 태그를 통과시킨 사례, openssl enc 의 함정, PBKDF2·scrypt·Argon2id 키 유도 시간까지 직접 실행.https://tlaboratory.net/es/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/https://tlaboratory.net/es/symmetric-encryption-aes-gcm-done-right/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Seguridad básicaesCurso de seguridad 5: ECB que deja ver un dibujo, un nonce reutilizado que revela un mensaje, un tag de 1 byte que PHP aceptó y trampas de openssl enc.https://tlaboratory.net/en/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/https://tlaboratory.net/en/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Text & EncodingenWhat length() returns for café, 👍🏽, 👨‍👩‍👧 and 🇯🇵 in Python, JS, Swift, Dart, Java, C#, PHP and SQLite, measured, plus truncation bugs and DB column limits.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000文字コード・テキスト処理ja𠮷野家・ｶﾞｲﾄﾞ・👍🏽・👨‍👩‍👧 の長さを Python・JS・Swift・Dart・Java・C#・PHP・SQLite で実測。絵文字を壊す切り詰めバグと DB の文字数制限も。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000문자 인코딩·텍스트ko한글 NFD, 👍🏽, 👨‍👩‍👧, 🇰🇷 의 길이를 Python·JS·Swift·Dart·Java·C#·PHP·SQLite 로 실측. 이모지를 깨뜨리는 자르기 버그와 DB 글자 수 제한까지.https://tlaboratory.net/es/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/https://tlaboratory.net/es/string-length-emoji-graphemes-languages/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Texto y codificaciónesCuánto mide «José Muñoz», 👍🏽, 👨‍👩‍👧 o 🇲🇽 en Python, JS, Swift, Dart, Java, C#, PHP y SQLite, medido, con bugs al recortar y límites de columnas.https://tlaboratory.net/en/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/https://tlaboratory.net/en/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Security BasicsenSecurity lecture 1: decode Base64 in one line, hash your text with SHA-256, flip one bit to see 128 bits change, and measure why MD5 fails for passwords.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000セキュリティ基礎jaセキュリティ基礎講座1。Base64 を1行で復元し、「パスワード」の SHA-256 を計算し、1ビット反転で出力の約半分が変わるのを確認。MD5/SHA-1 がパスワードに向かない理由を実測。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000보안 기초ko보안 기초 강좌 1. Base64 를 한 줄로 되돌리고, '비밀번호'의 SHA-256 을 계산하고, 1비트만 바꿔 출력 절반이 바뀌는 것을 확인합니다. MD5·SHA-1 이 비밀번호에 맞지 않는 이유를 실측.https://tlaboratory.net/es/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/https://tlaboratory.net/es/security-hashing-encryption-encoding/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Seguridad básicaesSeguridad 1: decodifica Base64 en una línea, calcula SHA-256, cambia un bit y mira cambiar 128, y mide por qué MD5 no sirve para contraseñas.https://tlaboratory.net/en/secure-random-tokens-secrets/https://tlaboratory.net/en/secure-random-tokens-secrets/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Security BasicsenWe rebuilt Python's random from 624 outputs and predicted the next session tokens, then measured secrets, random_bytes, UUIDv4 and time-seeded tokens.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/secure-random-tokens-secrets/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/secure-random-tokens-secrets/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000セキュリティ基礎jaPython の random を出力624個から約1ミリ秒で復元し、次のパスワード再設定URLを的中させる実験と、secrets・random_bytes・UUIDv4・時刻シードの危険、トークン長と推測時間の表を実測でまとめる。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/secure-random-tokens-secrets/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/secure-random-tokens-secrets/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000보안 기초koPython random 을 출력 624개로 약 1ms 만에 복원해 다음 SMS 인증번호를 맞히는 실험과 secrets·random_bytes·UUIDv4·시간 시드의 위험, 토큰 길이별 추측 시간 표를 실측으로 정리한다.https://tlaboratory.net/es/secure-random-tokens-secrets/https://tlaboratory.net/es/secure-random-tokens-secrets/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Seguridad básicaesReconstruimos el random de Python con 624 salidas y adivinamos los siguientes cupones; luego medimos secrets, random_bytes, UUIDv4 y semillas de reloj.https://tlaboratory.net/en/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/https://tlaboratory.net/en/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Testing & DebuggingenReal tracebacks from Python, PHP, JS, Java, Dart, Swift and C read line by line: which frame is yours, what Caused by means, and how to search an error.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000テスト・デバッグjaPython・PHP・JS・Java・Dart・Swift・C の実際のエラー出力を1行ずつ読む講座。自分のコードのフレームの見つけ方、Caused by と連鎖例外、新人研修1週目のエラー表、検索のコツまで。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000테스트·디버깅koPython·PHP·JS·Java·Dart·Swift·C 의 실제 에러 출력을 한 줄씩 읽는 강좌. 내 코드 프레임 찾기, Caused by 와 연쇄 예외, 온보딩 첫 주 에러 표, 검색 요령까지.https://tlaboratory.net/es/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/https://tlaboratory.net/es/reading-error-messages-stack-traces/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Pruebas y depuraciónesTrazas reales de Python, PHP, JS, Java, Dart, Swift y C leídas línea por línea: cuál es tu frame, qué significa Caused by y cómo buscar un error.https://tlaboratory.net/en/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/https://tlaboratory.net/en/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Security BasicsenSecurity lecture 2: crack an unsalted hash with a 20-word list, time bcrypt, Argon2id, scrypt and PBKDF2 per guess, and hit bcrypt's 72-byte limit.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000セキュリティ基礎jaセキュリティ基礎講座2。ソルトなし SHA-256 を20語の自作リストで破り、bcrypt・Argon2id・scrypt・PBKDF2 の1回あたりの時間を実測。72バイト制限も PHP 8.5 で再現。https://tlaboratory.net/ko/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/https://tlaboratory.net/ko/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000보안 기초ko보안 기초 강좌 2. 솔트 없는 SHA-256 을 직접 만든 20단어 목록으로 깨 보고, bcrypt·Argon2id·scrypt·PBKDF2 의 1회 비용을 실측합니다. bcrypt 72바이트 제한도 PHP 8.5 에서 재현.https://tlaboratory.net/es/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/https://tlaboratory.net/es/password-hashing-bcrypt-argon2/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Seguridad básicaesSeguridad 2: rompe un hash sin sal con 20 palabras, mide bcrypt, Argon2id, scrypt y PBKDF2 por intento y reproduce el límite de 72 bytes de bcrypt.https://tlaboratory.net/en/mojibake-decode-encode-fix/https://tlaboratory.net/en/mojibake-decode-encode-fix/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000Text & EncodingenReproduce ’ and é on purpose, read the pattern, repair double-encoded text with encode/decode, and measure which mojibake is reversible.https://tlaboratory.net/ja/mojibake-decode-encode-fix/https://tlaboratory.net/ja/mojibake-decode-encode-fix/Sat, 14 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0000文字コード・テキスト処理ja縺ゅｊ縺後→や�はなぜ出るのか。UTF-8とShift_JIS（CP932）を取り違えて文字化けを再現し、パターンの読み方、波ダッシュと機種依存文字の問題、errors引数の違い、戻せる化けと戻せない化けを1,000件で実測します。